Taking racial representation as an example, the following four tips can be used to help improve representation whilst avoiding tokenism: Include a diverse range of authors and perspectives in classical literature studied and other reading. Have you used these, or other strategies to ensure that you go beyond a tokenistic approach to culture? Tokenism serves the interests of the dominant group. A person from a distinct group can be an expert from their community who can add value or a different perspective to the workplace. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Hayes, Catherine (2022) Driving Agentic Empowerment with Metatheory: Global Transformation or Global Tokenism in Higher Education? Tokenism is likely at play if attempts to diversify and improve representation in the curriculum meet any of the following criteria: They are singular changes, not part of a greater plan/structure (think tick-box exercises), They only include depictions of members of a particular group in relation to the oppression or marginalization of that particular group (only showing civil rights activists for black representation, or celebrating those with disabilities simply for existing and not for any particular achievements), They reinforce harmful or condescending stereotypes. Whether were looking at authors of school reading, notable figures taught in history or modern/social studies, or just general depictions in childrens books and other learning materials; it is clear that we need to increase positive representation of people of colour, women, LGBTQIA+ people, people living with disabilities or mental illness, living in poverty, or from any other marginalized or oppressed groups. The letter called out universities for publicly supporting the Black Lives Matter movement in the wake of the killing of George Floyd while racial inequalities, such as the attainment gap between white and black and minority ethnic (BAME) students, persist. Astin, A. W. (1993a).What Matters in College? ), pp. Positionality: Is the concept of location in time and space which influence personal assumptions, pre-suppositions and understanding of the external world, the expression of which provides an insight into what is individually interpreted.
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